The parameters in a PreparedStatement are indexed beginning at 1, not 0, so using any "set" method of a PreparedStatement with a number less than 1 is a bug, as is using an index higher than the number of parameters. The same indexing style also applies to ResultSet.

Noncompliant Code Example

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("SELECT fname, lname FROM employees where hireDate > ? and salary < ?");
ps.setDate(0, date);  // Noncompliant
ps.setDouble(3, salary);  // Noncompliant

ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
  String fname = rs.getString(0);  // Noncompliant
  // ...
}

Compliant Solution

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("SELECT fname, lname FROM employees where hireDate > ? and salary < ?");
ps.setDate(1, date);
ps.setDouble(2, salary);

ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
  String fname = rs.getString(1);
  // ...
}