connect
-- node server runner
connect [-H|--host ADDR] [-p|--port NUM]
[-D|--daemonize] [-I|--include PATH]
[-E|--env Connect] [-e|--eval CODE] [-C|--chdir PATH]
[-c|--config PATH] [-P|--pidfile PATH]
[-l|--logfile PATH] [-u|--user ID] [-g|--group ID]
[-v|--verbose] [-K|--no-color] [-h|--help]
start|stop|restart [PATH]
Connect is a duel purpose library, aiding in both rapid development, and deployment of node servers. Connect "middleware" can be stacked to create a robust application within minutes. The connect executable supports launching of both regular net.Server
, and connect.Server
instances.
The connect executable supplies init.d friendly start, stop, and restart commands, and accept a direct path to the module meant to be run, otherwise defaults to trying both app.js and server.js in the current working directory.
-H, --host ADDR Host address, defaults to INADDR_ANY
-p, --port NUM Port number, defaults to 3000
-D, --daemonize Daemonize the server process
-I, --include PATH Unshift the given path to require.paths
-E, --env Connect Set environment, defaults to "development"
-e, --eval CODE Evaluate the given string
-C, --chdir PATH Change to the given path
-c, --config PATH Load configuration module
-P, --pidfile PATH PID file, defaults to pids/connect.pid
-l, --logfile PATH Log file, defaults to logs/connect.log
-u, --user ID Change user with setuid()
-g, --group ID Change group with setgid()
-v, --verbose Display verbose output
-K, --no-color Suppress colored terminal output
-h, --help Display help information
Connect middleware is divided into two concepts. First we have filters which perform an action and allow lower middleware to respond to the request, secondly we have providers which are conceptual "end-points", responding to the request without continuing down the stack.
Below is an example which shows usage of the log filter bundled with Connect, as well as the static provider.
The keys filter
and provider
are used only as short-cuts to bundled middleware, to utilize a custom module we can assign a module's exports to the module
key.
module.exports = require('./lib/connect').createServer([
{ filter: 'log' },
{ module: require('path/to/custom/middleware') },
{ provider: 'static', root: __dirname + '/public' }
]);
As shown above the module exports a connect.Server
and does not call the listen()
method directly. This allows other modules to "mount" this app, as well as allowing the connect executable to control how the server is run.
If you prefer not to use connect, you can simply create a script executable by node, require()
the app, then invoke listen()
.
#!/usr/bin/env node
require('./app').listen();
Middleware is essentially just an object, responding to a handle()
method, the example below illustrates how simple it is to create, and utilize custom middleware.
First we define the handle()
method, which accepts four arguments, err, req, res, and next.
If an exception occurred, it is passed, it is up to your middleware to decide whether or not to simply ignore the error and pass it down the middleware stack, or to perform an action based on the exception. In our case we do not want to deal with the error directly, we simply invoke the next()
function, passing it down the stack (potentially to the error-handler middleware).
var helloWorld = {
handle: function(err, req, res, next){
if (err) {
next();
} else {
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type: 'text/plain' });
res.end('Hello World');
}
}
};
require('connect').createServer([
{ module: helloWorld }
]);
The next()
function accepts the same four arguments that our handle()
method does, however all of them are optional. For example if an err is present, and we invoke next()
as shown above, the next middleware will receive the err object (not "undefined"), and the same req, and res objects are passed as well.
If you wish to pass an exception down the stack, you can invoke next()
like below:
if (someRequirementIsNotMet) {
next(new Error('my requirement was not met!'));
}
We can take this example further by "exporting" the handle()
method, so that other libraries can simply require('hello-world')
:
# hello-world.js
exports.handle = function(err, req, res, next){
if (err) {
next();
} else {
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type: 'text/plain' });
res.end('Hello World');
}
}
};
# app.js
require('connect').createServer([
{ module: require('./hello-world') }
]);