Process Control Sensors
fiber-optic sensors; photonic sensors; optical capillaries; optical fibers; chemical sensors; optochemical sensors; capillary sensors; liquid-core sensors; hollow-core sensors; biochemical sensors 1. The Role of Sensors in the 21st Century Introduction MEMS Microscopy System Establishing an Automation Program Photo Sensing Fluorescence in Genome Sequencing A New Sensing Tool for Decoding the Genome Mapping RNA Protein Folding Energy Through Bio-Sensors Nano-Sensor Manufacturing Challenges Nano-Crystals Enable Scalable Memory Technologies Chromaticity—Color Rendering Index (CRI) The LED Color Chart The Color Rendering Index (CRI) LEDs—Light-Emitting Diodes Task Lighting-Lamps The Basics on LEDs Non-Phosphor White LEDs at a Viewing Angle of 30° Luminous Intensity (Candlepower) LED and Spectralon 2. Classification and Types of Sensors Introduction Classification of Control Processes Open- and Closed-Loop Control Systems Understanding Photoelectric Sensors Detection Methods Proximity Sensors Understanding Inductive Proximity Sensors Understanding Capacitive Proximity Sensors Understanding Limit Switches Inductive and Capacitive Sensors in Manufacturing Understanding Microwave Sensing Applications Confocal Microscopy Sensors Understanding Laser Sensors 3. Fiber Optics in Sensors and Control Systems Introduction Photoelectric Sensors—Long-Distance Detection Fiber Optics Optical Fiber Parameters Inductive Proximity Sensors—Noncontact Metal Detection Limit Switches—Traditional Reliability Factors Affecting the Selection of Position Sensors Wavelengths of Commonly Used Light-Emitting Diodes Sensor Alignment Techniques Fiber Optics in Industrial Communication and Control Principles of Fiber Optics in Communications Fiber-Optic Information Link Configurations of Fiber Optics Configurations of Fiber Optics for Sensors Flexibility of Fiber Optics The Testing of Fiber Optics Testing Light Sources Dual Laser Test Sets Networking with Electrooptic Links Versatility of Fiber Optics in Industrial Applications 4. Networking of Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing Introduction The Number of Products in a Flexible System Sensors Tracking the Mean Time between Operator Interventions Sensors Tracking the Mean Time of Intervention Sensors Tracking Yield Sensors Tracking the Mean Processing Time Network of Sensors Detecting Machinery Faults Understanding Computer Communications and Sensors’ Role Understanding Networks in Manufacturing Manufacturing Automation Protocol Multiple-Ring Digital Communication Network—AbNET The Universal Memory Network Satellite Sensor Network 5. The Role of Sensors and Control Technology in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Introduction The CIM Plan The Manufacturing Enterprise Model Design of CIM with Sensors and Control Systems Decision Support System for CIM with Sensors and Control Systems Analysis and Design of CIM with Sensors and Control Systems Data Acquisition for Sensors and Control Systems in CIM Environments Developing CIM Strategy with Emphasis on Sensors’ Role in Manufacturing 6. Advanced Sensor Technology in Precision Manufacturing Applications Identification of Manufactured Components Digital Encoder Sensors Fuzzy Logic for Optoelectronic Color Sensors in Manufacturing Optimum Detectors in Light Sensors Photodiodes Phototransistors and Photodarlingtons Photoconductive Sensors Sensor Electronic Assemblies Other Sensors Selecting a Sensor Visible Light Region Nanowatts Power Considering High-Performance Photodiodes Hybrids of Photomultipliers Options Design Considerations in Fuzzy Logic Color Sensors Sensors Detecting Faults in Dynamic Machine Parts (Bearings) Sensors for Vibration Measurement of a Structure Optoelectronic Sensor Tracking Targets on a Structure Optoelectronic Feedback Signals for Servomotors through Fiber Optics The Use of Optoelectronic/Vision Associative Memory for High-Precision Image Display and Measurement Sensors for Hand-Eye Coordination of Microrobotic Motion Utilizing Vision Technology Force and Optical Sensors Controlling Robotic Grippers for Agriculture and Manufacturing Applications Ultrasonic Stress Sensor Measuring Dynamic Changes in Materials Predictive Monitoring Sensors Serving the CIM Strategy Reflective Strip Imaging Camera Sensor—Measuring a 180°-Wide Angle Optical Sensor Quantifying Acidity of Solutions Sensors for Biomedical Technology 7. Industrial Sensors and Control Introduction Sensors in Manufacturing Temperature Sensors in Process Control Pressure Sensors Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors Nano-Positioning Capacitive Metrology Sensors Electrode Geometry, Sensor Surface Flatness, and Finish Special Design Eliminates Cable Influences Materials Achieving Greater Accuracy Mounting, Calibration, and Measuring Ranges Parallelism of Measuring Surfaces Electronics Support Sensor Installation Using the Integrated Linearization System (ILS) for Highest Accuracy Displacement Sensors for Robotic Applications Process Control Sensors Measuring and Monitoring Liquid Flow Sensory MEMS Enable Certain Molecules to Signal Breast Cancer’s Spread On-Line Measuring and Monitoring of Gas by Spectroscopy Using Avalanche Photodiodes to Improve System Performance Structures of Avalanche Photodiodes—APD Structures Critical Performance Parameters Selecting an APD Dark Current and Noise Current The Geiger Mode Crack Detection Sensors for Commercial, Military, and Space Industry Use Control of the Input/Output Speed of Continuous Web Fabrication Using Laser Doppler Velocity Sensor Ultrasonic/Laser Nondestructive Evaluation Sensor Process Control Sensors for Acceleration An Endoscope as Image Transmission Sensor Sensor Network Architectures in Manufacturing Power Line Fault-Detection Systems for Power Generation and Distribution Industries 8. Sensors in Flexible Manufacturing Systems Introduction The Role of Sensors in FMS Robot Control through Vision Sensors Robot Vision Locating Position Robot Guidance with Vision System End Effector Camera Sensor for Edge Detection and Extraction End Effector Camera Sensor Detecting Partially Visible Objects Ultrasonic End Effector End Effector Sound-Vision Recognition Sensors End Effector Linear Variable-Displacement Transformer Sensor Robot Control through Sensors Multisensor-Controlled Robot Assembly History of Industrial Robotics The Invention of Industrial Robots Robot Programming