At 1,126,829 square kilometres (435,071 sq mi),[109] Ethiopia is the
world's 27th-largest country, comparable in size to Bolivia. It lies
between latitudes 3° and 15°N, and longitudes 33° and 48°E. The major
portion of Ethiopia lies on the Horn of Africa,which is the easternmost
part of the African landmass. Bordering Ethiopia are Sudan and South
Sudan to the west, Djibouti and Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the
east and Kenya to the south. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex
of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley,
which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by
lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert.The great diversity of terrain
determines wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns.
The predominant climate type is tropical monsoon, with wide topographic
-induced variation. The Ethiopian Highlands cover most of the country
and have a climate which is generally considerably cooler than other
regions at similar proximity to the Equator. Most of the country's major
cities are located at elevations of around 2,000–2,500 m (6,562–8,202 ft)
above sea level, including historic capitals such as Gondar and Axum.
The modern capital Addis Ababa is situated on the foothills of Mount
Entoto, at an elevation of around 2,400 m (7,874 ft). It experiences
a mild climate year round. With fairly uniform year round temperatures,
the seasons in Addis Ababa are largely defined by rainfall, with a dry season
from October–February, a light rainy season from March–May, and a heavy
rainy season from June–September. The average annual rainfall is around 1,200 mm (47.2 in).
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