waltlabtools.core.c4

c4(n)[source]

Factor c4 for unbiased estimation of the standard deviation.

For a finite sample, the sample standard deviation tends to underestimate the population standard deviation. See, e.g., https://www.spcpress.com/pdf/DJW353.pdf for details. Dividing the sample standard deviation by the correction factor c4 gives an unbiased estimator of the population standard deviation.

Parameters

n (numeric or array) -- The number of samples.

Returns

numeric or array -- The correction factor, usually written c4 or b(n).

See also

numpy.std

standard deviation

lod

limit of detection